tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-137691012024-03-27T02:14:35.376-07:00Brahmo Samaj, Truths of BrahmoismBrahmoism, creed, doctrine and its founders: genesis of Adi Dharm<br>
Ram Mohan Roy, DwarkaNath Tagore, DebendraNath Tagore, HemendraNath Tagore. Adi Brahmo Samaj, Sadharan Brahmo Samaj. Trust Deed. 9 Pillars of Brahmoism. Articles of faith. 1828, 1830, 1839, 1843, 1866, 1878.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger37125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-10045998369346656002010-03-31T13:02:00.001-07:002010-03-31T13:02:32.078-07:00People’s history of the Punjab: Birth of revivalist movements<a href="http://www.wichaar.com/news/319/ARTICLE/11139/2009-01-09.html">http://www.wichaar.com/news/319/ARTICLE/11139/2009-01-09.html</a><br><h1 class="a_title">People's history of the Punjab: Birth of revivalist movements</h1> <br><table align="right" border="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="top" width="134"><div style=""><table align="right"><tbody><tr><td><br></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div> <p> </p> <p> </p> <div style=""><table style="" align="right" bgcolor="" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="200"><tbody><tr><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td bgcolor="" valign="top"> <div><img id="article_image" alt="" src="http://www.wichaar.com/tpllib/img.php?im=cat_319/11139.jpg&w=150&h=188" style="border: 3px solid rgb(128, 0, 0);" align="right" hspace="0" vspace="0"></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td> <td align="left" valign="top" width="478"><div><p><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> <table id="table3" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" height="25" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="right" height="21"> <hr> </td> <td align="right" height="21" width="145"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: rgb(87, 147, 172); font-size: 10px;">Adjust Font Size<b> </b></span><a href="javascript:decreaseFontSize();"><img alt="The Friday Times" src="http://www.thefridaytimes.com/graphics/icon.minus.gif" border="0" height="12" width="18"></a> <a href="javascript:increaseFontSize();"><img alt="The Friday Times" src="http://www.thefridaytimes.com/graphics/icon.plus.gif" border="0" height="12" width="18"></a></td> </tr></tbody></table> <table align="right" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="190"> <tbody> <tr> <td background="" width="1"> </td> <td align="center"><br></td></tr> <tr> <td background="" width="1"> </td> <td align="center"><img src="http://www.thefridaytimes.com/09012009/images/p22a.jpg" border="0"></td></tr> <tr> <td background="" width="1"> </td> <td> <p align="center"><b><font color="#0000ff"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;">Allama Muhammad Iqbal: his ideas remained<a href="http://sites.google.com/site/smxplc/"> embedded</a> in a<br> religious ethos </span></font></b></p> </td></tr> <tr> <td background="" width="1"> </td> <td align="center"><br></td></tr> <tr> <td background="" width="1"> </td> <td align="center"><img src="http://www.thefridaytimes.com/09012009/images/p22b.jpg" border="0"></td></tr> <tr> <td background="" width="1"> </td> <td> <p align="center"><b><font color="#0000ff"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;">Mahatma Hans Raj led the Arya Samaj movement </span></font></b></p></td></tr> <tr> <td background="" width="1"> </td> <td align="center"><br></td></tr> <tr> <td background="" width="1"> </td> <td align="center"><img src="http://www.thefridaytimes.com/09012009/images/p22c.jpg" border="0"></td></tr> <tr> <td background="" width="1"> </td> <td> <p align="center"><b><font color="#0000ff"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;">Maulana Zafar Ali Khan: Muslim Punjab's religious ideologue </span></font></b></p></td></tr> <tr> <td background="" width="1"> </td> <td align="center"><br></td></tr> <tr> <td background="" width="1"> </td> <td align="center"><img src="http://www.thefridaytimes.com/09012009/images/p22d.jpg" border="0"></td></tr> <tr> <td background="" width="1"> </td> <td> <p align="center"><b><font color="#0000ff"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;">At the Round Table Conference held in London, 1930 (from left to right): Sardar Aurangzeb, A. K. Fazl-ul-Haq, Nawab Chhatari, Mian Muhammad Shafi, Sir Shah Muhammad Aga Khan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Sir Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum and Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah </span></font></b></p></td></tr> <tr> <td background="" width="1"> </td> <td align="center"><br></td></tr> <tr> <td background="" width="1"> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="http://www.thefridaytimes.com/graphics/box_top.gif" border="0" height="5" width="193"> </td></tr> <tr> <td background="" width="1"> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffcc"> <p style="margin: 10px 15px;" align="justify"><font color="#800000"><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;">... The Punjabi Muslim masses looked outwards to Iran or Turkey for their salvation and got involved in Muslim revivalist movements. To some extent, this tradition recurs time and again because the Punjabi middle class is still in the process of maturing </span></b></font></p></td></tr> <tr> <td background="" width="1"> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="http://www.thefridaytimes.com/graphics/box_bottom.gif" border="0" height="5" width="193"> </td></tr></tbody></table></span></p><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> <div id="printReadyd"> <p style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 15px; font-size: 15px;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><img src="http://www.thefridaytimes.com/graphics/alpha1/t.jpg" align="left" border="0"><span style="display: none;">T</span>he Punjab gave birth to many revivalist movements, principally Brahmo Samaj and Arya Samaj amongst Hindus, Singh Sabhas amongst Sikhs and the Khilafat movement amongst Muslims. More than pro-British Punjabi aristocrats, these reformist movements put into play the political dynamics of Lahore which had implications for the rest of the Punjab and pushed the province in the direction it ultimately went. From the Arya and Brahmo Samaj, Dayanand and Agnihotri were the most notable personages while Giani Ditt Singh was a prime mover of the Singh Sabhas and Muslim revivalist movements found their voice in Allama Mohammad Iqbal and Maulana Zafar Ali Khan. <br><br>Reformist movements were dominant amongst urban Hindus and Brahmo Samaj was the earliest formation. It was started by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in Bengal. He was influenced both by Islam – he was educated in a Madrassa – and Christianity and wanted to reform Hinduism of its casteism and polytheism. <a href="http://brahmosamaj.org/">Brahmo Samaj</a> doctrine preached one Supreme Being and rejected the concept of the infallibility of mystics, prophets and scriptures of every religion. They maintained that every person or scripture is temporal and open to revision. <br><br>The Brahmo Samaj was founded in Lahore in 1861 by Navin Chandra Roy. It was popular amongst the upper class, better educated segments of Hindus. The most prominent Brahmo Samaji in Punjab was the well-known educationist, Sardar Dayal Singh, who founded the college in Lahore named after him. The most intriguing Brahmo leader was Shiv Narayan Agnihotri, a brilliant engineering student who, after being introduced to Vedanta philosophy, left his education and joined the Government High School, Lahore, as a drawing teacher. <br><br>Pandit Agnihotri joined Lahore's Brahmo Samaj in 1873 and quickly became a major figure in the organization. He was a prolific writer of Urdu, Hindi and English. He became an honorary missionary in 1875 and eventually took a modified form of sanyas in 1882. As a full time practitioner of religion he left the post of drawing master but retained his married life. By 1886 after friction developed within the organization, he resigned from the Lahore Brahmo Samaj and established his own sect, Dev Samaj (Divine Society). He started deviating from Brahmo doctrines and its rationalist approach. <br><br>However, Pandit Agnihotri's continued to preach the lifting of caste restraints and he also said that there was no bar on intercaste marriages or shared dining. Pandit Agnihotri proposed a restructuring of the role of women and opposed child marriages: he proscribed that boys must be at least 20 and girls 16 at the time of the marriage. He also rejected excessive dowry or exclusion of women from any field of life. He made widows' marriage acceptable and married a widow himself. In his code of conduct honesty in public and private life was essential and bribery, lying, stealing, cheating, gambling, consumption of liquor and drugs, adultery and polygamy were absolutely prohibited. After Pandit Agnihotri's death, the Dev Samaj faded away. <br><br>Before the Brahmo Samaj movement could take hold in the Punjab, another reformist movement, Arya Samaj, made its way to the province. The founder of the movement, Swami Dayanand, a Gujrati, perfected his message in Lahore. He was also against casteism, rituals and idol worship. He preached strict monotheism, which he claimed was the essential message of the Vedas. His message found fertile soil among Punjabi Hindus of all classes. Arya Samaj was established in Lahore in 1877 and in due course most prominent Hindu political or business leaders, including Lala Lajpat Rai, were attached to the Arya Samaj in one way or another. <br><br>In Lahore, Mahatma Hans Raj was the major moving force behind the spread of the Arya Samaj movement. Dayanand Anglo-Vedic College, Lahore, and hundreds of other educational institutions established by the Arya Samaj were instrumental in preaching its gospel. Having been educated at these Arya Samaj educational institutions, most Punjabi Hindu professionals and businessmen adhered to its ideals. The Arya Samaj unequivocally condemned idolatry, animal sacrifice, ancestor worship, priest craft, the caste system, the sati or burning of widows, inequality of women, untouchability and child marriages, on the grounds that all these lacked Vedic sanction. <br><br>On the one hand Arya Samaj was a reformist movement, on the other it was very aggressive in preaching its doctrine, alienating other communities and ultimately creating unbridgeable hostilities. Its founder Dayanand and his followers preached that only the Vedas were divine scriptures and the holy books of other religions were invalid. Therefore, the only option for people of other religions was to convert to Hinduism if they wanted to achieve salvation. From this angle, the Arya Samaj was a precursor of contemporary Hindu extremists like the Rashtriya Sevak Sangh (RSS). <br><br>In the Punjab's political economy Arya Samaj represented the interests of Hindu urban middle classes versus the rural Muslim and Sikh peasantry. Muslim inhabitants of urban areas, though in a majority, were oppressed artisans and workers. Most probably, a clash of class interests led to irreconcilable socio-political contradictions and, ultimately, ended in a partition of the Punjab. Of course there were other geopolitical circumstances behind the partition but a fundamental reason was the uneven economic structure.<br><br>Sikhs who joined Arya Samaj had to leave it soon because Dayanand himself ridiculed the Sikh gurus. It is said that when Dayanand addressed a public rally in Lahore, the stage secretary was a Sikh, Giani Ditt Singh. But, when Dayanand ridiculed the Sikh scriptures, Giani Ditt Singh and other Sikhs left Arya Samaj and began to work on the process that culminated in the formation of the Singh Sabha. <br><br>Sikhism was being threatened from within and from without. The Mahants (Hindu priests) had taken over the holiest Sikh places and reintroduced Hindu practices that the Gurus had vehemently rejected. Casteism and idol worship had been brought back to Gurdwaras where they had been missing for decades. Idols were placed even in Amritsar's Golden Temple. The caste system and untouchability had so penetrated Sikh practices that a scholar like Giani Ditt Singh had to leave his Gurdwara when krah prasad (halwa) was going to be served. <br><br>The Sikh religion's degeneration into Hindu practices had started during Ranjit Singh's rule when many opportunistic influential families had converted to Sikhism. When Ranjit Singh died, seven women, two of his wives and five dasis, joined him on the funeral pyre and were burned to death. Thus, even sati had been brought back to Sikhism which was absolutely rejected by the Gurus. Therefore, the Singh Sabhas were formed to eliminate these degenerate Hindu influences and to rehabilitate the religion that the Gurus had preached. <br><br>Sikhs were also threatened by Christian missionaries. Many Sikhs were converting to Christianity and the situation was so bad that Giani Ditt Singh reported in his Khalsa newspaper that "An English newspaper writes that the Christian faith is making rapid progress and makes the prophecy that within the next twenty-five years, one-third of the Majha area will be Christian. The Malwa will follow suit…" <br><br>Interestingly enough Muslims did not need reformist movements like Hindus: Muslims got rid of Hindu social ills like sati and the banning of widow marriages by converting to Islam. Their main problems were related to the general backwardness caused by their economic deprivations and occupations as peasants, artisans or workers. Most of them had converted to Islam from lower castes but their economic status had not changed even during Muslim rule spanning some eight hundred years. Therefore, they were always oppressed by Muslim feudal and urban Hindu elites – Unionist Party of Punjab was a typical example of an alliance between Hindu elites and Muslim feudals – before and during (and perhaps even after) the British Raj. Muslim workers and artisans were never represented in government or businesses in a thousand years.<br><br>The absence of a large enlightened urban middle class among the Muslims of Punjab was one reasons they never found a way to address their fundamental problem of economic and social deprivation. Mian Muhammad Shafi and Nawab Fateh Ali Khan Qazilbash were leading Muslim aristocrats of Lahore. The former was well educated and enlightened while the latter was a traditionalist appendix of the British Raj. Mian Fazal-i-Hussain represented the liberal Muslims but he was not a people's representative. However, none of the established Muslim political figures was interested in or competent enough to address the issues facing the masses. <br><br>Allama Mohammad Iqbal, departing from feudal politics, preached uplift of the Muslim masses but his ideas were embedded in a religious ethos. He recognized and understood the dark forces (mullahs, pirs etc) enslaving the Punjabi Muslim mind but he could not find a solution other than reviving the original spirit of religion. Similarly, Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, powerful writer and fiery speaker, fought polemical wars against anti-Muslim forces but he was not the kind of ideologue who could lead the oppressed Muslims of the Punjab. Therefore, the Punjabi Muslim masses looked outwards to Iran or Turkey for their salvation and got involved in Muslim revivalist movements. To some extent, this tradition still recurs time and again because the Punjabi middle class is still in the process of maturing. </span></p><i> <div id="printReadyd"> <p style="line-height: 15pt; margin-bottom: 15px;" align="right"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px;"><i>Dr Manzur Ejaz taught at the Punjab University, Lahore, for many years and now lives in Virginia</i></span></p> </div></i></div></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><br> Brahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-87108706396283864352010-03-01T09:57:00.001-08:002014-08-31T23:39:04.796-07:00Sitemap / local search pages of brahmo links (01-March-2010)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B01A.HTM" target="_blank">Ram Mohun Roy search.asp? Roys %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B02A.HTM" target="_blank">Raja Rammohan Roy search.asp? Roys %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B03A.HTM" target="_blank">Raja Rammohun Roy search.asp? Roys %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B04A.HTM" target="_blank">Ram Mohan Ray search.asp? Rays %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B05A.HTM" target="_blank">Ram Mohun Ray search.asp? Rays %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B06A.HTM" target="_blank">Raja Rammohan Ray search.asp? Rays %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B10A.HTM" target="_blank">Raja Rammohun Ray search.asp? Rays %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B11A.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj doctrine search.asp? doctrines %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B12A.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj history search.asp? historys %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B13B.HTM" target="_blank">History of Brahmo Samaj search.asp? Samajs %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B14B.HTM" target="_blank">Brahma Samaj pioneer founder search.asp? founders %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B15A.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj founder search.asp? founders %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B16B.HTM" target="_blank">Religion of Brahmo Samaj search.asp? Samajs %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B20A.HTM" target="_blank">Brahma Samaj Religion search.asp? Religions %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B21A.HTM" target="_blank">Worship Brahmo Samaj search.asp? Samajs %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B22A.HTM" target="_blank">Address Brahmo Samaj search.asp? Samajs %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B23A.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj address search.asp? addresss %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B24B.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj Kolkata Calcutta search.asp? Calcuttas %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B25B.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj Mumbai Bombay search.asp? Bombays %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B26B.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj New Delhi search.asp? Delhis %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B30B.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj Bangalore Karnataka search.asp? Karnatakas %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B31B.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj Kakinada Andhra search.asp? Andhras %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B32B.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj London UK search.asp? UKs %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B33B.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj Chicago USA search.asp? USAs %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B34B.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj New York search.asp? Yorks %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B35A.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj Hyderabad search.asp? Hyderabads %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B36B.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj Adi Dharm search.asp? Dharms %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B40B.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj Adi Dharma search.asp? Dharmas %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B41A.HTM" target="_blank">Adi Brahmo Samaj search.asp? Samajs %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B42A.HTM" target="_blank">Sadharan Brahmo Samaj search.asp? Samajs %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B43A.HTM" target="_blank">Doctrine Brahmo Samaj search.asp? Samajs %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B44A.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj Brahmoism search.asp? Brahmoisms %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B45A.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmoism marriage wedding search.asp? weddings %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B46A.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo marriage wedding search.asp? weddings %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B50A.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj marriage search.asp? marriages %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B51A.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj wedding search.asp? weddings %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B52B.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj prayer liturgy search.asp? liturgys %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B53A.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj leader search.asp? leaders %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B54A.HTM" target="_blank">Leader Brahmo Samaj search.asp? Samajs %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B55B.HTM" target="_blank">Debendranath Tagore Brahmo Samaj search.asp? Samajs %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B56B.HTM" target="_blank">Hemendranath Tagore Brahmo Samaj search.asp? Samajs %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B60B.HTM" target="_blank">Rabindranath Tagore Brahmo Samaj search.asp? Samajs %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B61B.HTM" target="_blank">Dwarkanath Tagore Brahmo Samaj search.asp? Samajs %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B62B.HTM" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj Arya Samaj search.asp? Samajs %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B63B.HTM" target="_blank">Arya Samaj Brahmo Samaj search.asp? Samajs %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B64B.HTM" target="_blank">Dayanand Saraswati Arya Samaj search.asp? Samajs %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B65B.HTM" target="_blank">Dayanand Saraswati Brahmo Samaj search.asp? Samajs %brahmo.org</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/B66B.HTM" target="_blank">Dayanand Saraswati Hindu reformer search.asp? reformers %brahmo.org</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-covenant.html" target="_blank">COVENANT of BRAHMO SAMAJ</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-belief.html" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj beliefs, foundations, Raj Narayan Bose Basu</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/delhi-brahmo-samaj.html" target="_blank">DELHI BRAHMO SAMAJ</a> <ul>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/maghotsav-delhi-brahmo-samaj.html" target="_blank">DELHI BRAHMO SAMAJ Maghotsav 2010</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-samaj-001.html" target="_blank">Theism of the BRAHMO SAMAJ</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-samaj-002.html" target="_blank">We believe, Sivanath Sastri</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/sadharan-brahmo-samaj-doctrine.html" target="_blank">Sadharan Brahmo Samaj doctrine</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/sadharan-brahmo-samaj-founders.html" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj founder</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-prime-principles.html" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj Prime Principles</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-articles-faith.html" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj Articles of Faith</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-trust-deed.html" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj Trust Deed of 1830</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-time-line.html" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj, Brief History & Time Line</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-anusthanic-ananusthanics.html" target="_blank">Anusthanic Brahmos, Ananusthnic Brahmo Samaj</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/true-brahmoism.html" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj, True Brahmoism</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/nature-of-god.html" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj, Did God create matter?</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-samaj-history-part-1.html" target="_blank">History of the Brahmo Samaj</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-conference-organisation.html" target="_blank">Brahmo Conference Organisation</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/sadharan-brahmo-samaj.html" target="_blank">Sadharan Brahmo Samaj World Brahmo Council</a> <ul>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/sadharan-brahmo-samaj-doctrine.html" target="_blank">Sadharan Brahmo Samaj doctrine</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/adi-brahmo-samaj.html" target="_blank">Adi Brahmo Samaj</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmoism-genetics-memetics.html" target="_blank">Brahmoism, Genetics, Memetics</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-samaj-christianity.html" target="_blank">Brahmo Samaj and Christianity</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/nature-true-brahmoism.html" target="_blank">Nature of "True Brahmoism"</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/adi-brahmo-samaj-caste.html" target="_blank">Adi Brahmo Samaj on caste</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/true-brahmo-principles.html" target="_blank">"True Brahmo" principles</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-salvation.html" target="_blank">Salvation in Brahmo Samaj</a> </li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
Brahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-28961405115915463402010-01-21T03:08:00.001-08:002010-01-21T03:08:41.501-08:00Brahmo Samaj<a href="http://brahmo.org/brahmo-samaj.html">Brahmo Samaj</a><br><br><p class="sbar">Beliefs of the <b>Brahmo Samaj</b> (as rendered by <b>Raj Narayan Bose</b> - as President of the Adi Brahmo Samaj) </p> <p class="maintext"><b>I.</b> The Book of Nature and Intuition form the basis of the Brahmo faith. </p> <p class="maintext"><b>II.</b> Although Brahmos do not consider any book, written by man as the basis of our religion, yet we accept, with respect and pleasure, any truth contained in any book. </p> <p class="maintext"><b>III.</b> Brahmos believe that the religious condition of man, is progressive like the other parts of his condition in this world. </p> <p class="maintext"><b>IV.</b> Brahmos believe that the fundamental doctrines of Brahmoism are at the basis of every religion, followed by man. </p> <p class="maintext"><b>V.</b> Brahmos believe in the existence of One Supreme God� "a God, endowed with a distinct personality & moral attributes equal to His nature, and intelligence befitting the Governor of the Universe," and worship Him�Him alone. We do not believe in His incarnations. </p> <p class="maintext"><b>VI.</b> Brahmos believe in the immortality and progressive state of the Soul and declare that there is a "state of conscious existence succeeding life in this world, and suplementary to it, as respects the action of the universal moral government." </p> <p class="maintext"><b>VII</b>. Brahmos believe that love of Him, and performing the works He loveth, constitute His worship. </p> <p class="maintext"><b>VIII</b>. Brahmos believe that worhip of Him needs no fixed place or time. "We can adore Him at any time and at any place, provided that time and that place are calculated to compose and direct the mind towards Him." </p> <p class="maintext"><b>IX.</b> Brahmos do not perform any rites or ceremonies, or believe in penances, as instrumental in obtaining the grace of God. We declare that moral righteousness, the gaining of wisdom, Divine contemplation, charity and the cultivation of devotional feelings, are our rites and ceremonies. We further say, govern and regulate your feelings, discharge your duties to God and to man, and you will gain everlasting blessedness,purify jour heart, cultivate devotional feelings, and you will see Him who is Unseen. </p> <p class="maintext"><b>X.</b> Theoretically, there is no distinction of caste among Brahmos. We declare that we are all part of God, and, therefore, must consider ourselves as one. </p> (c) 2009 World Council of Brahmo Samaj<br><br><br> Brahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-90125782188189586882010-01-04T09:34:00.001-08:002010-01-04T09:34:48.592-08:002 new files added<div class="gmail_quote">Alert<br><br>The website <a href="http://sadharanbrahmosamaj.org/index.html" target="_blank">Sadharan Brahmo Samaj</a> has been updated<br><br>The new files are<br><br>1) <a href="http://sadharanbrahmosamaj.org/raja-ram-mohan-roy.html" target="_blank">Raja Ram Mohan Roy</a> and<br> <br>2) <a href="http://sadharanbrahmosamaj.org/adi-brahmo-trust-deed.html" target="_blank">Adi Brahmo Samaj Trust Deed</a><br><br></div> Brahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-24538253740417334952010-01-03T03:52:00.001-08:002010-01-03T03:52:36.700-08:00Doctrine of Sadharan Brahmo Samaj<div class="gmail_quote"><div class="gmail_quote"><p><b><a href="http://brahmo.org/sadharan-brahmo-samaj-doctrine.html" target="_blank">Doctrine</a> of the <a href="http://brahmo.org/sadharan-brahmo-samaj.html" target="_blank">Sadharan Brahmo Samaj</a><br> </b></p> <p><b></b></p><p><b>1)</b> Faith in a Supreme Being and in Existence after Death is natural to man; </p> <p><b>2)</b> We regard the relation between God and men to be direct and immediate; </p> <p><b>3)</b> We do not believe in the infallibility of any man or any scripture ; </p> <p><b>4)</b> Whatever book contains truths calculated to ennoble the soul or elevate the character is a Brahmo's scripture, and whoever teaches such truths is his teacher and guide; </p> <p><b>5)</b> We regard the belief in an individual being a way to salvation, or a link between God and Man, as an unworthy belief, and those who hold such belief as unworthy of the Brahmo name; </p> <p><b>6)</b> We consider it to be blasphemy and an insult to the Majesty of Heaven to claim Divine inspiration for any act opposed to the dictates of reason, truth, and morality; </p> <p><b>7)</b> We regard the culture of faith at the sacrifice of reason, or the culture of reason at the sacrifice of faith as equally defective, and as fruitful sources of evil in the religious world; </p> <p><b>8)</b> We consider love of God and doing the will of God as equally imperative in the routine of a Brahmo's life; </p> <p><b>9)</b> We regard the worship of one God as the highest of a Brahmo's duties and as the best of means to improve the soul and the neglect of it as a way to spiritual death. </p> <p>More information on <a href="http://brahmo.org/sadharan-brahmo-samaj-founders.html" target="_blank"><b>Sadharan Brahmo Samaj</b></a></p> </div></div> Brahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-63721716568065772332010-01-03T03:47:00.001-08:002010-01-03T03:47:31.055-08:00Doctrine<div class="gmail_quote"><p><b><a href="http://brahmo.org/sadharan-brahmo-samaj-doctrine.html">Doctrine</a> of the <a href="http://brahmo.org/sadharan-brahmo-samaj.html" target="_blank">Sadharan Brahmo Samaj</a><br></b></p> <p><b></b></p><p><b>1)</b> Faith in a Supreme Being and in Existence after Death is natural to man; </p> <p><b>2)</b> We regard the relation between God and men to be direct and immediate; </p> <p><b>3)</b> We do not believe in the infallibility of any man or any scripture ; </p> <p><b>4)</b> Whatever book contains truths calculated to ennoble the soul or elevate the character is a Brahmo's scripture, and whoever teaches such truths is his teacher and guide; </p> <p><b>5)</b> We regard the belief in an individual being a way to salvation, or a link between God and Man, as an unworthy belief, and those who hold such belief as unworthy of the Brahmo name; </p> <p><b>6)</b> We consider it to be blasphemy and an insult to the Majesty of Heaven to claim Divine inspiration for any act opposed to the dictates of reason, truth, and morality; </p> <p><b>7)</b> We regard the culture of faith at the sacrifice of reason, or the culture of reason at the sacrifice of faith as equally defective, and as fruitful sources of evil in the religious world; </p> <p><b>8)</b> We consider love of God and doing the will of God as equally imperative in the routine of a Brahmo's life; </p> <p><b>9)</b> We regard the worship of one God as the highest of a Brahmo's duties and as the best of means to improve the soul and the neglect of it as a way to spiritual death. </p> <p>More information on <a href="http://brahmo.org/sadharan-brahmo-samaj-founders.html" target="_blank"><b>Sadharan Brahmo Samaj</b></a> </p> </div><br> Brahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-44581649229602083682010-01-01T05:06:00.000-08:002010-01-01T05:07:00.720-08:00Essentials of Brahmoism<div class="gmail_quote">The philosophy of Brahmo Samaj is contained in the <a href="http://sadharanbrahmosamaj.org/brahmo-dharma.html" target="_blank"><b>Brahmo Dharma</b></a> written in 1848 by Debendranath Tagore.<br><br> "Brahmo Dharma, the only book of Brahmoism <p> <b>What is the teachings of the <a href="http://sadharanbrahmosamaj.org/brahmo-dharma.html" target="_blank">Brahmo Dharma</a> ? </b><br> </p><p>The religious system unfolded in the Brahma Dharma is that of the Upanishads, with some infusion of modern ideas. </p> <p>Examples of directions in Brahmo Dharma given to seekers after God : </p> <p>To know Him, one should go to the spiritual teacher. To whom comes the pupil of entirely peaceful and well regulated mind, the knower of God, should communicate the particulars of divine knowledge by which is known the Being, undecaying, perfect, and true. He, who is wise, of regulated mind, and is always pure, attains that station after which one is not born again. </p> <p>The lesser knowledge is the Rig-Yeda, the Yajur Yeda, the SamaVeda, the Atharva Yeda etc. The higher knowledge is that contemplation by which the Eternal is known. </p> <p>Contemplate God through Om, and let welfare attend thee, as thou crossest the darkness of ignorance. </p> <p>By means of Om, the knower of God obtaineth Him who is all-tranquil, without decay, without death, without fear, the all excellent. We contemplate the adorable power and glory of the Being divine, who brought forth the world. Silence, Silence, Silence !!!"</p> </div> Brahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-76663091825247710232009-12-30T10:03:00.001-08:002014-08-31T23:42:11.319-07:00Excellent website on Brahmoism<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://adibrahmosamaj.blogspot.com/2009/12/excellent-website-on-brahmoism.html">Excellent website on Brahmoism</a> </h3>
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<a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/index.html">Brahmo Samaj, Brahmoism</a><br />
A Brahmo web resource devoted to History of the Brahmo Samaj and development of modern Brahmoism with reference to evolution of its main branches the Adi Brahmo Samaj and the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj.<br />
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<a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-faq.html">Brahmo Samaj FAQ Frequently asked Questions</a><br />
<b>Q1. Is Brahmoism a religion or a philosophy? Can one adopt Brahmoism whilst retaining one's current faith. </b><br />
Brahmoism is a religion. The philosophy behind Brahmoism is "Brahmo Dharma". Any person who believes that there is only one infinite "God" can "follow" Brahmoism by subscribing to membership of a "Brahmo Samaj" while retaining their own religion.<br />
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<a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-prime-principles.html">Brahmo Samaj Prime Principle</a><br />
<b>Simple Version</b><b>[On God:]</b> There is always Infinite Singularity - immanent and transcendant Singular Author and Preserver of Existence - He who is manifest everywhere and in everything, in the fire and in the water, in the smallest plant to the mightiest oak.<br />
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<a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-articles-faith.html">Brahmo Samaj - The Articles of Faith</a><br />
Brahmo Samaj embraces righteousness as the only way of life.<br />
Brahmo Samaj embraces truth, knowledge, reason, free will and virtuous intuition (observation) as guides.<br />
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<a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-trust-deed.html">Brahmo Samaj - The Trust Deed of 1830</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span>Trust Deed of ADI BRAHMO SAMAJ<br />
<b>THIS INDENTURE</b> made the eighth-day of January, in the year of Christ one thousand eight hundred and thirty,<br />
BETWEEN<br />
<b>DWARKANAUTH TAGORE</b> of Jorasankoe in the Town of Calcutta Zumeendar,<br />
<b>KALEENAUTH ROY</b> of Burranugar in the Zillah of Havelly in the suburbs of Calcutta aforesaid Zumeendar,<br />
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<a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-time-line.html">Brahmo Samaj, Brief History & Time Line</a><br />
<b>[1828 :]</b> Raja Ram Mohun Roy establishes Brahma Sabha (assembly of Brahmins).<br />
<b>[1829 :]</b> Asiatic Society admits the first Indian natives to its membership, the first of whom are Dwarkanath Tagore and Prasanna Coomar Tagore.<br />
<b>[1830 :]</b> Dwarkanath Tagore, Prasanna Coomar Tagore and Ors. establish the first Brahmo Place for Worship through a legal Trust Deed at Chitpur (Jorasanko Kolkatta India). Ram Mohun departs for Britain.<br />
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<a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/true-brahmoism.html">Brahmo Samaj, True Brahmoism</a><br />
1) Brahmoism is the highest form of Hinduism, and is so very different from what passes for Hinduism today that Brahmos consider themselves to be "beyond the pale of Hinduism" and a separate religion altogether.<br />
2) A "True" Brahmo is either an adherent of Brahmoism to the exclusion of ll other religions, or a person with at least one Brahmo parent or guardian and who has never denied his faith.<br />
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<a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/nature-of-god.html">Brahmo Samaj, Did God create matter?</a><br />
God did not "create" matter, God is matter just as God is equally energy. God created the universe and all the worlds within. Before God there was nothing except Chaos which is still all-pervasive. God sprang from Chaos.<br />
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<a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-samaj-history-part-1.html">History of the Brahmo Samaj</a><br />
In order to make the Brahmo Samaj a body of men believing in the One God and worshipping Him in truth and spirit only, Devendra Nath drew up a Brahmo convenant containing a number of vows enjoining the renunciation of idolatry, the worship of the One Only in the Vedanta and the practice of virtue. God as described Devendra Nath himself took the lead in being initiated into Brahmoism by Ram Chandra Vidyabagish by signing this Covenant in Dec. 1843 ; twenty of his friends followed him in this new and momentous departure, Thus was formed the nucleus of a Brahmo community; and by 1874 the number of covenanted Brahmos rose to 767.<br />
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<div class="mainheader">
<a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-conference-organisation.html"><b>The Brahmo Conference Organisation</b></a><br />(Sammilan) was founded on 27 January 1881 at Mymensingh in Bangladesh. It is the inter-faith organisation between the Brahmos of <b>Adi Dharma</b> and some from <a href="http://sadharanbrahmosamaj.org/index.html">Sadharan Brahmo Samaj</a>. The stated objectives for founding the organisation are to "achieve purity in <b>Brahmoism</b>" by </div>
<div>
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<li>Resolving the differences between the 2 existing Brahmic divisions of Adiism and Sadharanism, </li>
<li>Preaching from every platform that the Nabobidhan (a dissenting sect - also known as "New Dispensation") is not the Brahmo religion but totally opposed to Brahmoism.</li>
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<a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/adi-brahmo-samaj.html">Adi Brahmo Samaj</a><br />
As left by Raja Ram Mohan Roy the Samaj was really nothing more than a mere platform, where men of various creeds met from time to time to listen to the hymns and sermons. By joining it nothing was lost, nothing incurred, nothing pledged. Indeed, there were not a few who would attend the service at the Samaj in the morning and worship idols at home in the evening, thus showing that they had never really grasped the meaning of spiritual devotion.<br />
Hence, in the year 1839, DebendraNath a started the Tattvabodhini Sabha, or Truth-teaching Society, and established various schools at different places, so that young men might be trained for national service in the Adi Brahmo Samaj and to propogate the spiritual researches of Raja Rammohun Roy.<br />
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<a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmoism-genetics-memetics.html">Brahmoism, Genetics and memetics</a><br />
Brahmoism, and information, is transmitted in at least 2 ways. Genetically or memetically. The human "genome" today has around 3 or 4 billion components (DNA / RNA etc pairs). It was the Tattwabodhini under young Master Hemendranath (founder of modern True Brahmoism) to whom were revealed the secrets of the human genome in about 1861. The power of this revelation transformed Brahmoism and also split it asunder and caused the Tattwabodhini (and its secrets) to go underground. Brahmanism is not an acquired trait, it is acquired genetically and reinforced memetically.<br />
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<a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-samaj-christianity.html">Brahmo Samaj and Christianity </a><br />
This has reference to a remark made by one of the members of the group saying that Bangalore Samaj has fallen into the hands of property dealers and godless Christians like Global Christian Network. The fact is that Bangalore Brahmo Samaj had got itself registered under the Foreign Exchange Control Act way back in 1983 to receive a small contribution of Rs. 25,000/- (Rupees Twenty Five Thousand Only) from the Social Service Network of International Association for Religious Freedom. It is false to say that heavy donations were received from foreign Christian Aid Organizations to convert Schedule Caste in Karnataka to Christianity.<br />
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<a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/nature-true-brahmoism.html">Nature of "True Brahmoism</a><br />
"True Brahmos abhor any kind of image worship."<br />
"True Brahmos respect the 1830 Trust deed of the Samaj which forbids the admission of any graven work, painting, sculpture or image etc. into the premises"<br />
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<a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/adi-brahmo-samaj-caste.html">Adi Brahmo Samaj on caste</a><br />
Brahmos constitute a "clan". Being a minority, preservation of the distinctive identity of the clan is paramount. Caste within the clan is almost always patriachal, so a female Brahmo Brahmin who marries a Brahmo Kayasth becomes a Brahmo "Kayasth" . If somebody is admitted to the clan (say by Brahmo wedding, marriage or adoption) then equivalency of caste enters the picture to safeguard the clan.<br />
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<a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/true-brahmo-principles.html">"True Brahmo" principles</a><br />
a) Declaring a firm belief in ONE GOD. The True Brahmo conception of "God" is quite different from most other religions which have a Supreme Creator who created everything. Brahmos do not worship "The Author and Preserver" as "God". For us there is only "the One without a Second" what we nowadays describe as "Singularity" - a point where the infinite folds back onto itself to generate "innumerable infinities" - being thereby both immanent *and* transcendant and where all laws of science breakdown.<br />
b) Declaring that one will abide by the Brahmo articles of faith.* These are not "blind faith" articles to be followed like a robut automaton. Brahmoism is now a very scientific religion, well grounded in doctrine after centuries of theological struggle against some of the world's largest religions. Our doctrine is the result of consensus of many ordinary people and a few brilliant individuals. We do not believe in revelations from God to be imposed by "Adesh" as "God's will" through his "chosen messengers.<br />
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<a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-salvation.html">Salvation in Brahmo Samaj</a><br />
<b>As is very well known Satyendranath Tagore was a close associate of Keshab and also a Freemason like Keshab. After Satyendranath sided with Keshub during the troubles of 1866 and Hemendranath took over from him, all neo-Christian, Unitarian and Masonic doctrines were exorcised from Brahmoism by Debendranath (and Hemendranath), as Sastri has recorded himself in his History.</b><br />
<div class="maintext">
</div>
<div class="mainheader">
When Keshab founded Nababidhan, Satyendranath's composed hymns on salvation were adapted in the Vaisnav sankirtan manner as Sastri records at Page 222.</div>
<div class="mainheader">
"To grant salvation the merciful God has sent his new faith of Brahmoism. Lo ! the gates of salvation are wide open. He calls one and all, entrance through his gate is free ; no one ever returns disappointed; the rich and the poor, the wise and the ignorant, all are equally welcome there." </div>
<a href="http://true.brahmosamaj.in/brahmo-anusthanic-ananusthanics.html">Anusthanic Brahmos, Ananusthnic Brahmo Samaj</a><br />
In 1902, the Highest Appellate Court of the British Empire (ie, the Privy Council) confirmed the detailed 1899 finding by the High Court of the Punjab that "Anusthanic Brahmos are not Hindoos but the anAnusthanic Brahmo Samajists may very well be Hindoos". </div>
</div>
</div>Brahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-70531945680925218982009-12-24T07:40:00.001-08:002009-12-24T07:41:00.049-08:00What divides BrahmosDear Tapesh<br><br>I have spoken today evening to the Secretary of the <a href="http://sadharanbrahmosamaj.org">Sadharan Brahmo Samaj</a> - Kolkatta, a Mr Das. He confirms that the website you received the donation request from ("Hindu Widows Welfare fund") is affiliated to Sadharan Brahmo Samaj at Kolkatta.<br> <br>I also informed him that it was deceptively similar to one of the official websites of the World Brahmo Council, ie. <a href="http://sadharanbrahmosamaj.org">http://sadharanbrahmosamaj.org</a>/ but he explained his helplessness since their website (with an extra "h') has been out of action since 2006 and they (SBS) are just reviving it again.<br> <br>Anyway just a reminder, that since Tapesh had contacted me last week we have had a caution up at our Sadharan Brahmo Samaj website saying<br><br>"WARNING: BEWARE Deceptive Websites asking DONATIONS for <a href="http://brahmo.org">BRAHMO SAMAJ</a><br> <br>WORLD BRAHMO COUNCIL neither solicits nor accepts money from the public or organisation or State, either directly or indirectly. It is further clarified that Brahmos are not required to make donations on religious occasions. Payment of annual subscription fee (approx. Rs.100 - US$2 which is the minimum legal amount specified for Societies in India) to a Samaj is optional and does not affect one's religious status as Brahmo. Donations solicited for idolatry, repairing tomb or installing busts of Raja Ram Mohan Roy etc. are anti-Brahmo and nothing but cheating."<br> <br>and<br><br>"Illustrative list of fraudulent "Funds" to cheat Brahmos and NRIs<br><br>General Fund, Mission Fund, Charity Fund Building Repair Fund, Mahila Bhavan Fund, Balya Bhavan Fund, Medical Aid Fund, Indigent Brahmo Family Fund, Indian Messenger, Fund Tattwakaumudi Fund, Publication Fund, Sadhan Ashram Fund, Calcutta Congregation Fund, Brahmo Samaj Relief Mission Fund, Mofussil Brahmo Samaj Fund, Library Fund, Brahmo Samaj Education Society Fund, Hindu Widows Home Fund, Brahmo Social Service Organisation, Brahmo Ambulance Fund"<br> <br>Oh well, one can never be too careful<br><br>Sarbajit<br><br>--- In <a href="mailto:brahmoconferenceorg@yahoogroups.com">brahmoconferenceorg@yahoogroups.com</a>, tapesh majumdar <tapesh.majumdar@...> wrote:<br>><br> > Dear friends<br>> I'm very concerned to learn that only 177 brahmos were listed in 2000 census.<br>> This surely is not a correct number for brahmos in India. something must be<br>> done about it, and all Brahmo Samajs must educate their membership to<br> > register themselves correctly. This is decidedly a problem affecting all Bramhos<br>> & we must do something right now setting our mutual difference aside.<br>><br>> I also agree with Mr Biswajit dutta that this must be tackled by Bramhos at<br> > new delhi. Who is the secretary of delhi samaj now?<br>> Tapesh<br>><br>> On Wed, Dec 23, 2009 at 10:57 AM, sarbajitr <sroy1947@...> wrote:<br>> ><br>> > Dear Biswajit<br>> ><br>> > There is an active legal battle for Brahmoism's "minority" status. Unfortunately, it is connected with the education case for the 3 colleges in Kolkatta managed by the Brahmo Eduction Society affiliated to the Sadharan Samaj runs.<br> > ><br>> > It appears that these colleges are thoroughly mismanaged, teachers salaries not being paid, PF funds embezzled etc, and the teachers approached the West Bengal Govt asking for these colleges to be nationalised. The BES promptly went to Court claiming they were Brahmo Samaj is a religious minority and hence entitled to Constitutional protection. After 25 years in 2004 the Supreme Court disposed of the matter while not going into the question of Brahmoism's minority status.<br> > ><br>> > Thereafter, emboldened, the BES victimised the staff anew and they pressurised the WB Govt to file a strong review petition in the SC which is pending. BY ALL ACCOUNTS THE BRAHMOS ARE GOING TO LOSE !!!!<br> > ><br>> > It s unfortunate that due to the corruption and mismanagement of a handful of pseudo-Brahmos (ananusthanic Brahmos) sitting in Kolkatta, Brahmoism everywhere is going to be affected.<br>> ><br> > > Re, the census. I really have no hopes for the Samajes. They are all mismanaged (or under-managed). All we can do is exhort everyone who is willing to listen to insist they be registered as "Religion - other - Brahmo" and refuse to be registered as "Religion - Hindu".<br> > ><br>> > Also, every member of these groups should highlight this message for discussion at the next Magh Utsav of their Samajes and try to put it on the agendas of their GB meetings - and include it in their newsletters.<br> > ><br>> > I can also put up an online email Petition on the <a href="http://brahmo.or">brahmo.or</a>g website requesting the Registrar General of India to allot a special numerical code for Brahmos during the census.<br> > ><br>> > The Delhi Brahmo Samaj does no social work / activism whatsoever.<br>> ><br>> > Sarbajit<br>> ><br>> > --- In <a href="mailto:brahmoconferenceorg@yahoogroups.com">brahmoconferenceorg@yahoogroups.com</a>, biswajit dutta <bis_dutta2000@> wrote:<br> > > ><br>> > > Dear Sarbajit ,<br>> > > I know . 177 declared Brahmos is a matter of concern . You have been highlighting it for long . What steps do you think we should take to correct position in 2010 census ? Should one Samaj take the initiative & (a)Conduct a nationwide Brahmo census of its own (b)Launch a campaign to educate Brahmos that they shouldn't declare themselves as Hindus as Brahmo Dharma is a separate religion .<br> Brahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-13339865717468472502009-12-15T05:28:00.001-08:002009-12-15T05:28:46.691-08:00Go not to the temple - Rabindranath TagoreDear Shymal,<p>Alhough it is not from any of Rabindranath's well known works like<br>Gitanjali, it seems to be based on Sufism - specifically Kabir's poems<br>which were translated by Tagore in 1915. It is referred to in a Govt<br>of India website (page 56) as being from a poem called "True Worship"<br><a href="http://mpbse.nic.in/blueprint/11thtraining/General%20English-11th.pdf">http://mpbse.nic.in/blueprint/11thtraining/General%20English-11th.pdf</a><p>It is also interesting that many religious websites of Christians and<br>Saibabists contain this poem without attributing it in any way to<br>Rabindranath. A Saibaba website even claims it is by Satya Sai<br>Baba(??)<p>The "Temple of God" of God the poet speaks of refers in microcosm to<br>the human body and in macrocosm to the Universe/Multiverse.<p>Kabir's 4th poem translated by RNT (1915)<p>"Do not go to the garden of flowers!<br>O Friend! go not there;<br>In your body is the garden of flowers.<br>Take your seat on the thousand petals of the lotus,<br>and there gaze on the Infinite Beauty."<p>Sarbajit<p>--- In <a href="mailto:brahmoconferenceorg@yahoogroups.com">brahmoconferenceorg@yahoogroups.com</a>, Shymal Dutta<br><shymal.dutta@...> wrote:<br>><br>> Dear Debanjan Ray<br>><br>> This poem is widely circulated on the Internet as Tagore's, but I am<br>> unable to locate the precise work it is from. Can anyone help me<br>> to trace its source.<br>><br>> Warmly Shymal<br>><br>> On Sat, Dec 12, 2009 at 10:57 PM, Debanjan Ray <debanjan.ray@...>wrote:<br>> ><br>> > Just wanted to share the following quote from Rabindranath Tagore:<br>> > -------------------<br>> ><br>> > "Go not to the temple to put flowers upon the feet of God,<br>> > First fill your own house with the Fragrance of love...<br>> ><br>> > Go not to the temple to light candles before the altar of God,<br>> > First remove the darkness of sin from your heart...<br>> ><br>> > Go not to the temple to bow down your head in prayer,<br>> > First learn to bow in humility before your fellowmen...<br>> ><br>> > Go not to the temple to pray on bended knees,<br>> > First bend down to lift someone who is down-trodden. ..<br>> ><br>> > Go not to the temple to ask for forgiveness for your sins,<br>> > First forgive from your heart those who have sinned against you."<br>> ><br>> > - Rabindranath TagoreBrahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-11838004707901953502009-12-15T05:26:00.001-08:002009-12-15T05:26:58.744-08:00Gleanings from the Katha Upanishad - Part 4<div class="gmail_quote"><div><div><div class="h5"> The Katha Upanishad is presented as dialogue between<br>Nuchiketa (the son of a Brahman under obligation) and<br>Yamu the God of Death. Selected extracts from Rammohun's<br>translation of the 1st 'Valli', concerning life after<br> death and the nature of the soul.<br><br><br>Yamu, "Make, O Nuchiketa! thy third request." <br><br>Nuchiketa then said : lf Some are of opinion that <br>after man's demise existence continues, and others <br> say it ceases. <b>Hence a doubt has arisen respecting <br>the nature of the sou</b>l ; I therefore wish to be<br>instructed by thee in this matter. This is the last<br>of the favours thou hast offered." <br><br>Yumu replied : "Even gods have doubted and disputed<br> on this subject; which being obscure, never can be<br>thoroughly comprehended : Ask, O Nuchiketa ! another<br>favour instead of this. Do not thou take advantage of<br>my promise, but give up this request."<br><br>Nuchiketa replied: "I am positively informed that gods<br> entertained doubts on this subject ; and even thou,<br>O Yumu ! callest it "difficult of comprehension". But<br>no instructor on this point equal to thee can be found,<br>and no other object is so desirable as this."<br> <br>Yumu said : " Do thou rather request of me to give thee<br>sons and grandsons, each to attain the age of an hundred<br>years ; numbers of cattle, elephants, goat, and horses;<br>also extensive empire on earth, where thou shalt live as<br> many years as thou wishest. I will enable thee to enjoy<br>all wished-for objects, but do not put to me, O Nuchiketa!<br>the question respecting existence after death."<br><br>Nuchiketa then replied. "The acquisition of the enjoyments<br> thou hast offered, O Yumu! is in the first place doubtful;<br>and should they be obtained, they destroy the strength of<br>all the senses; and even the life of Bruhma is, indeed,<br>comparatively short. But the only object I desire is what<br> I have already begged of thee. A mortal being, whose<br>habitation is the low mansion of earth, and who is liable to<br>sudden reduction, approaching the gods exempted from <br>death and debility, and understanding from them that there<br> is a knowledge of futurity, should not ask of them any inferior<br>favour and knowing the fleeting nature of music, sexual<br>gratification, and sensual pleasures,. who can take delight in<br>a long life on earth? Do thou instruct us in that knowledge<br> which removes doubts respecting existence after death,<br>and is of great importance with a view to futurity, and which<br>is obscure and acquirable with difficulty. I, Nuchiketa, cannot <br>ask any other favour but this."<br> <br>End of the first Section of the first Chapter (ist Bullee. \ <br><br>Yumu now, after a sufficient trial of Nuchiketa's. <br>resolution, answers the third question,<br><br>(to be continued)</div></div></div></div> Brahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-41691940791202893132009-12-12T02:27:00.001-08:002009-12-12T02:27:15.811-08:00Gleanings from the Katha Upanishad - Part 3{English Works of Rammohun Roy - Vol.1 page 60}<p>TRANSLATION OF THE KUTH-OPUNISHUD OF THE UJOOR-VED,<p>ACCORDING TO THE GLOSS OF THE CELEBRATED SUNKURACHARYU.<p>CALCUTTA.<br>1819.<p>PREFACE.<p>IN pursuance of my attempt to render a translation of the complete<br>Vedant, or the principal parts of the Veds, into the current languages<br>of this country, I had some time ago the satisfaction of publishing a<br>translation of the Kuth opunishud of the Ujoor-ved into Bengalee ; and<br>of distributing copies of it as widely as my circumstances would allow,<br>for the purpose of diffusing Hindoo scriptural knowledge among the<br>adherents of that religion. The present publication is intended to<br>assist the European community in forming their opinion respecting Hindoo<br>Theology, rather from the matter found in their doctrinal scriptures,<br>than from the Poorans, moral tales, or any other modern works, or from<br>the superstitious rites and habits daily encouraged and fostered by<br>their self-interested leaders.<p>This work not only treats polytheism with contempt and disdain, but<br>inculcates invariably the unity of God as the intellectual Principle,<br>the sole Origin of individual intellect, entirely distinct from matter<br>and its affections and teaches also the mode of directing the mind to<br>him.<p>A great body of my countrymen, possessed of good understandings, and not<br>much fettered with prejudices, being perfectly satisfied with the truth<br>of the doctrines contained in this and in other works, already laid by<br>me before them, and of the gross errors of the puerile system of idol<br>worship which they were led to follow, have altered their religious<br>conduct in a manner becoming the dignity of human beings ; while the<br>advocates of idolatry and their misguided followers, over whose opinions<br>prejudice and obstinacy prevail more than good sense and judgment,<br>prefer custom and fashion to the authorities of their scriptures, and<br>therefore continue, under the form of religious devotion, to practise a<br>system which destroys, to the utmost degree, the natural texture of<br>society, and prescribes crimes of the most heinous nature, which even<br>the most savage nations would blush to commit, unless compelled by the<br>most urgent necessity.<p>I am, however, not without a sanguine hope that, through Divine<br>Providence and human exertions, they will sooner or later avail them<br>selves of that true system of religion which leads its observers to a<br>knowledge and love of God, and to a friendly inclination towards their<br>fellow-creatures, impressing their hearts at the same time with humility<br>and charity, accompanied by independence of mind and pure sincerity.<br>Contrary to the code of idolatry, this system defines sins as evil<br>thoughts proceeding from the heart, quite unconnected with observances<br>as to diet and other matters of form. At any rate, it seems to me that I<br>cannot better employ my time than in an endeavour to illustrate and<br>maintain truth, and to render service to my fellow-labourers, confiding<br>in the mercy of that Being to whom the motives of our actions and<br>secrets of our hearts are well-known.<p>Keywords:<br>Rammohun Roy, Katha Upanishad, Yajur Ved, Brahmo Samaj, Brahmoism,<br>SankaracharyaBrahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-52637657989554502382009-12-12T02:25:00.001-08:002009-12-12T02:25:16.974-08:00Gleanings from the Katha Upanishad - Part 2Opening Prayer<p>Aum<br>saha nau~ avatu<br>saha nau b&#688;unaktu<br>saha v&#299;ryam~ karav&#257;vahai<br>tejasvi nau~ ad&#688;&#299;tam astu<br>m&#257; vi-dvi&#7779;&#257;vahai<br>&#257;&#363;&#7747; &#347;&#257;nti&#7717; &#347;&#257;nti&#7717;<br>&#347;&#257;nti&#7717;<p>Oh Supreme Brahma<br>May Thou Protect us both, (teacher and taught).<br>May we both strive to absorb your grace.<br>May our combined energies be productive.<br>May our study bring us illumination.<br>May there be no discord among us.<br>OM! PEACE! PEACE! PEACE!<p>Note:<br>1) This is the opening invocation used by the teacher and the taught<br>before they approach the work.<p>2) If there are any comments, including on the translation (mine) of<br>this series, kindly email me before it is hosted to the Brahmo<br>websites.Brahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-25794931401037423372009-12-12T02:23:00.001-08:002009-12-12T02:23:48.510-08:00Gleanings from the Katha Upanishad - Part 1Rammohun Roy was the first to translate the Katha Upanishad into any<br>European language.<p>Description from Max Muller's version introduction.<p>"THE Katha-upanishad is probably more widely known than any other<br>Upanishad. It formed part of the Persian translation, was rendered<br>into English by Râmmohun Roy, and has since been frequently quoted by<br>English, French, and German writers as one of the most perfect<br>specimens of the mystic philosophy and poetry of the ancient Hindus.<p>It was in the year 1845 that I first copied at Berlin the text of this<br>Upanishad, the commentary of Samskara (MS. 127 Chambers 1), and the<br>gloss of Gopâlayogin (MS. 224 Chambers). The text and commentary of<br>Samskara and the gloss of Ânandagiri have since been edited by Dr.<br>Roer in the Bibliotheca Indica, with translation and notes. There are<br>other translations, more or less perfect, by Râmmohun Roy,<br>Windischmann, Poley, Weber, Muir, Regnaud, Gough, and others. But<br>there still remained many difficult and obscure portions, and I hope<br>that in some at least of the passages where I differ from my<br>predecessors, not excepting Samskara, I may have succeeded in<br>rendering the original meaning of the author more intelligible than it<br>has hitherto been.<p>The text of the Katha-upanishad is in some MSS. ascribed to the<br>Yagur-veda. In the Chambers MS. of the commentary also it is said to<br>belong to that Veda 2, and in the Muktikopanishad it stands first<br>among the Upanishads of the Black Yagur-veda. According to Colebrooke<br>(Miscellaneous Essays, 1, 96, note) it is referred to the Sâmaveda<br>also. Generally, however, it is counted as one of the Âtharvana<br>Upanishads."Brahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-26351107993172739822009-12-12T02:21:00.001-08:002009-12-12T02:21:42.555-08:00Brahmo websites to have own serversDear Fellow Brahmos<p>Very shortly (Jan 2010) the 4 "Brahmic" websites which we had<br>recovered shall be hosted on their own high speed high capacity (advt<br>free) dedicated servers. At present the websites are hosted on free<br>facilities like googlepages.<p>The scope of these websites is as follows:<p>1) <a href="http://adibrahmosamaj.org">http://adibrahmosamaj.org</a><br>This specialised website is for the history, philosophy, activities<br>etc of the "Adi Brahmo Samaj" connected with Rammohun Roy, Dwarkanath<br>Tagore, Debendranath Tagore, Raj Narain Bose, Hemendranath Tagore etc.<br>and its modern developments.<p>2) <a href="http://sadharanbrahmosamaj.org">http://sadharanbrahmosamaj.org</a><br>This website is for the history, philosophy, activities etc of the<br>"Sadharan Brahmo Samaj" connected with Sivnath Sastri, Anandmohan Bose<br>and so many others.<p>3) <a href="http://brahmo.org">http://brahmo.org</a><br>This website is for the present day activities of all Brahmos, and for<br>news about Brahmos, Brahmoism, Brahmo Conferences etc<p>4) <a href="http://brahmosamaj.org">http://brahmosamaj.org</a><br>The "official" website for Brahmos. This website shall attempt to<br>incorporate the entire spectrum of Brahmoism's diversity including its<br>controversies.<p>Contributions, news and articles etc are open to everybody. There<br>shall be online forms for anyone to contribute, news, jokes, pictures,<br>articles, speeches, songs, videos, prayers, upasanas etc. about<br>Brahmoism.<p>Sarbajit Roy<br>New DelhiBrahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-29860609809912621852009-05-24T09:59:00.001-07:002009-05-24T09:59:21.628-07:00Rituals and superstition ruleFrom: Rahul Dev Sharma <rahul.d><br>Date: May 16, 2009 6:09 PM<br>Subject: Re: [brahmoconferenceorg] Rituals and superstition rule<p>Dear Mr Biswajit<p>'Ad homimem' attacks are what trivialise the real issues. I am glad<br>that we at least agree that superstition, mumbo-jumbo, dogma and<br>non-reason etc are opposed to Brahmoism. But how many others here (so<br>called Brahmos), would agree with you or me ?<p>The current articles of faith for "True Brahmos" being very well<br>defined, you may clarify if you reject / disagree with any of them, as<br>only then can our debate proceed:-<br>(source : <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmo_religion">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmo_religion</a> )<p>* Brahmos embrace righteousness as the only way of life.<br>* Brahmos embrace truth, knowledge, reason, free will and virtuous<br>intuition (observation) as guides.<br>* Brahmos embrace secular principles but oppose sectarianism and<br>imposition of religious belief into governance (especially propagation<br>of religious belief by government).<br>* Brahmos embrace the co-existence of Brahmo principles with<br>governance, but oppose all governance in conflict with Brahmo<br>principles.<br>* Brahmos reject narrow theism (especially polytheism), idolatry and symbolism.<br>* Brahmos reject the need for formal rituals, priests or places<br>(church, temple, mosque) for worship.<br>* Brahmos reject dogma and superstition.<br>* Brahmos reject scripture as authority.<br>* Brahmos reject revelations, prophets, gurus, messiahs, or avatars as<br>authority.<br>* Brahmos reject bigotry and irrational distinctions like caste,<br>creed, colour, race, religion which divide beings.<br>* Brahmos reject all forms of totalitarianism.<br>* Brahmos examine the prevalent notion of "sin".<br>* Brahmos examine the prevalent notions of "heaven" or "hell".<br>* Brahmos examine the prevalent notion of "salvation".<p>( Adherence to these articles are required only of Adi Brahmos or such<br>Sadharan Brahmos who accept Adi-ism ie. Trust deed of Brahmo Sabha<br>1830 as the source of their faith or Trust deed of Sadharan Brahmo<br>Samaj 1880)<p>We may also consider that no matter how much we may disagree with<br>others and their irrational (to us) beliefs, Brahmoism does not permit<br>us to disparage them / their beliefs publicly.<p>Finally, concerning the issues which nobody wishes to rake up, it is<br>precisely because nobody wishes to discuss them that they must be<br>exposed publicly in dedicated groups such as this, and knowledgeable<br>people like you must participate.<p>RahulBrahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-84229570513042941822009-05-24T09:57:00.001-07:002009-05-24T09:57:50.291-07:00Rituals and superstition ruleFrom: biswajit dutta <<a href="mailto:bis_dutta2000@yahoo.co.in">bis_dutta2000@yahoo.co.in</a>><br>Date: May 16, 2009 3:47 PM<br>Subject: Re: [brahmoconferenceorg] Rituals and superstition rule<p>The messages you are trying to trivialize are very germane to Brahmoism :-<p>a)Brahmoism is all about logic, rationality & scientific mindedness .<br>It denounces all social evils including Sati which is still very<br>occasionally practiced & glorified by some Indians living in darkness<br>.<p>b)Brahmoism is dead set against all forms of superstitions/mumbo<br>jumbo/black magic etc. which are as yet popular among a large segment<br>of our population .<p>c)Brahmoism is all about tolerance & open mindedness . Learning needs<br>to be source agnostic  . Dogmas & set beliefs have no place in our<br>religion . Mere mention of Hitler generated needless fury on the other<br>site no too far back .<p>d)All the above messages reinforce key Brahmo ideals & hence very relevant .<p>e)I can confidently say that a majority of us are not at all keen to<br>debate schisms , splits & controversies of the Brahmo Samaj you are so<br>enthusiastic about . Why rake up the past ?<br>What's the big deal washing dirty linen in public ? Why is it being<br>discussed here ?<br>Regards,<br>Biswajit Dutta<p>--- On Sat, 16/5/09, Rahul Dev Sharma <<a href="mailto:rahul.dvsharma@gmail.com">rahul.dvsharma@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<p>From: Rahul Dev Sharma <<a href="mailto:rahul.dvsharma@gmail.com">rahul.dvsharma@gmail.com</a>><br>Subject: Re: [brahmoconferenceorg] Rituals and superstition rule<br>To: <a href="mailto:brahmoconferenceorg@yahoogroups.com">brahmoconferenceorg@yahoogroups.com</a><br>Date: Saturday, 16 May, 2009, 12:29 PM<p><br>Dear Debanjan,<p>We should ask ourselves<p>Is Brahmoism about rationalism ?<br>Is the Brahmo Samaj a NGO ?<br>What is the purpose of such messages being collectively mailed to<br>"Brahmos" by these groups ?<br>Are messages on Hitler's supposed management genius relevant to "Brahmos" ?<br>Is the suppression of  sati and similar practices important in modern<br>Brahmoism ?<p>Regretably no Brahmo is prepared to publicly debate such matters (or<br>the earlier 8 I had listed).<p>RahulBrahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-75464456204494508442009-05-24T09:51:00.001-07:002009-05-24T09:51:43.043-07:00Sitanath Tattwabhushan Dutta<div class="gmail_quote">The Anusthanic Brahmo movement frowns upon seeking donations in the<br>name of our religion. We base this upon the 1830 Trust Deed text which<br>forbids "oblations" and offerings to be collected within.<br> <br>The Ananusthanics on the other hand are charlatans soliciting funds at<br>every stage. There can be no better example than this of "Pandit"<br>Sitanath Tattwabhushan who in 1880 was one of the 8 Brahmos of Sylhet<br> who issued the provlamation denouncing Keshab Sen and Navabidhan. (see<br>Sivnath Sastri's History of the Brahmo Samaj"). Tattwabhushan (whose<br>real name was Sitanath Dutta) then tried to insert a pseudo-Brahmanism<br> into the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj by publishing in 1921 his "Manual of<br>Brahmic prayer and devotions" which exhorts the Sadharan adherents at<br>every stage to "donate" to the Brahmo Samaj. Got married ? - donate,<br> Recovered from illness ? - donate, Setting up a new Samaj ? - donate.<br><br>Although Tattwabhushan (Dutta) claimed to have compiled his devotional<br>manual from 4 sources - 2 Hindu podhattis, the Adi Samaj Anusthan<br>Paddati and the Navabidhan 'New Samhita', we find that such out and<br> out commercial practices are only in the Navabidhan Samhita followed<br>by one faction of Sadharan Samaj.<br><br>Dutta's manual was roundly denounced in 1921 when it was first<br>published and no sensible person would rely on it today except as an<br> awkward anachronism.<br><br>All right thinking Brahmos should be careful of these Dutta's in<br>Brahmoism, ie Sitanath (Tattwabhushan) Dutta, Narendra (Vivekanand)<br>Dutta etc and their descendants who have always been counted amongst<br> the enemies of True Brahmoism for trying to commercialise Brahmoism<br>into a Ramakrishna "Mission" model at every step.<br><font color="#888888"><br>Rahul<br></font> <div> <div></div> <div class="h5"><br>On 3/31/09, sroy1947 wrote:<br>> "Peddling" ??? This raises an interesting issue - "Does Brahmoism permit<br>> donations to be collected within Samaj premises?"<br>><br>> "and that no sacrifice, offering or oblation of any kind or thing, shall<br> > ever be permitted therein;"<br>><br>> Sarbajit<br>><br>> --- In <a href="mailto:brahmoconferenceorg@yahoogroups.com">brahmoconferenceorg@yahoogroups.com</a>, Rahul Dev Sharma<br>> <rahul.dvsharma@...> wrote:<br> >><br>>> Brahmoism is a religious system, Brahmo Samajes are societies which<br>>> peddle a diluted (universally palatable) version of True Brahmoism.<br>>> What is peddled at Brahmo Samajes is more often than not unacceptable<br> >> to Brahmos.<br>>><br>>> I think you are confusing nationalism with patriotism.<br>>><br>>> On Sat, Mar 14, 2009 at 5:23 PM, biswajit dutta<br>>> <bis_dutta2000@...> wrote:<br>>> > It appears that you make an artificial distinction between Brahmo Samaj<br> >> > &<br>>> > Brahmoism . I am afraid your views may not resonate with the majority<br>>> > for<br>>> > whom :-<br>>> > a)Brahmo Samaj & Brahmoism are not at cross purposes .<br> >> > b)The terms "universalism" & "nationalism" may not be mutually exclusive<br>>> > .<br>>> > That I have a tolerant/open/rational mind willing to imbibe global best<br> >> > practices does not mean I am anti-national or less nationalistic . On<br>>> > the<br>>> > contrary , universalism can lead to improved nationalism .<br>>> > c)By distillation of essence(accepting only what is suitable/relevant)<br> >> > from<br>>> > other religions Brahmoism has become a better religion . There is no<br>>> > harm in<br>>> > assimilating the good or the great from others .<br>>> > d)Sivanath Sastri's interpretation of Brahmo history finds wide<br> >> > acceptablity<br>>> > with most Brahmos .<br>>> > e)I don't know by what yardstick , Sadharan Samajis can be regarded to<br>>> > be<br>>> > the basest of Brahmos ? This appears to be too sweeping a statement .<br> >> ><br>>> > Biswajit Dutta<br>>> ><br>>> > --- On Sat, 14/3/09, Rahul Dev Sharma <rahul.dvsharma@...> wrote:<br>>> ><br>>><br>><br>><br>><br><br><br>------------------------------------<br> <br>Yahoo! Groups Links<br><br><*> To visit your group on the web, go to:<br> <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/brahmoconferenceorg/" target="_blank">http://groups.yahoo.com/group/brahmoconferenceorg/</a><br> <br><*> Your email settings:<br> Individual Email | Traditional<br><br><*> To change settings online go to:<br> <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/brahmoconferenceorg/join" target="_blank">http://groups.yahoo.com/group/brahmoconferenceorg/join</a><br> (Yahoo! ID required)<br><br><*> To change settings via email:<br> mailto:<a href="mailto:brahmoconferenceorg-digest@yahoogroups.com">brahmoconferenceorg-digest@yahoogroups.com</a><br> mailto:<a href="mailto:brahmoconferenceorg-fullfeatured@yahoogroups.com">brahmoconferenceorg-fullfeatured@yahoogroups.com</a><br> <br><*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:<br> <a href="mailto:brahmoconferenceorg-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com">brahmoconferenceorg-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com</a><br><br><*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to:<br> <a href="http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/" target="_blank">http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/</a><br><br></div></div></div><br> Brahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-80499990584777494722009-01-26T03:50:00.001-08:002009-01-26T03:50:23.166-08:00[brahmoconferenceorg] Sadharan Brahmo Samaj politics disgraces Brahmoism<div class="gmail_quote">Date: Tue, Jan 20, 2009 at 7:25 PM<br>Subject: [brahmoconferenceorg] Sadharan Brahmo Samaj politics disgraces Brahmoism<br>To: <a href="mailto:brahmoconferenceorg@yahoogroups.com">brahmoconferenceorg@yahoogroups.com</a><br> <br><a href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090110/jsp/calcutta/story_10368702.jsp" target="_blank">http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090110/jsp/calcutta/story_10368702.jsp</a><br> <br> It is really shocking what the Managing Committees of some of our Samajes are upto. The sooner these "temples of Brahmoism" and their bodies are disbanded the better since they are blackening the name of the Brahmo religion.<br> <br>Sarbajit Roy<br><br> <quote><br> Ballot box trouble in Brahmo battle<br> POULOMI BANERJEE<br> <br> The Brahmo Samaj ballot box.<br> <br> The general body elections of Sadharan Brahmo Samaj, one of the oldest democratic institutions in India, ran into rough weather on Friday after two of the contestants found the lock of the ballot box open.<br> <br> Elected representatives of the Samaj, a breakaway faction of Raja Rammohun Roy's Brahmo Samaj, manage six schools, colleges like Amherst Street City and Heramba Chandra, a library and women's and children's homes in the city.<br> <br> "Mina Mukherjee and I visited our Bidhan Sarani office to cast our votes and found the ballot box open. We alerted the other members," said Utpal Bose on Friday. Both he and Mukherjee are contesting this year's elections.<br> <br> The annual poll is being held since 1878, when the Samaj was founded by Shibnath Shastri, Umesh Chandra Dutta and others.<br> <br> Polling started on December 26 and was to end on January 11. "We sent ballot papers to our 1,002 members spread across the country. They either mail their ballots or visit our office and drop it in the box," said Asim Ahmed, the assistant secretary who is contesting for the<br> post of secretary.<br> <br> The keys to the ballot box and the room where it is kept were with Sitala Prasad, the caretaker of the building for decades.<br> <br> According to him, the ballot box was not locked. Secretary Samir Das insisted that the box was locked.<br> <br> He also refuted Ahmed's claim that the box should not only have been locked but the lock should also have been sealed.<br> <br> "The lock might have been broken by those who want to hold on to their posts. Though no salary is paid, the honorary posts carry certain perks," said Das.<br> <br> "The financial strength of the Calcutta body is about Rs 88 lakh," added the secretary.<br> <br> A repoll, which has never happened in the organisation's history, seems the only way out.<br> <br> "The secretary will have to propose a repoll to the general committee, which will take the decision. It is the only way out for us now," said president Ashish Kumar Pain.<br> </div><br> Brahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-87140395813889126612009-01-26T03:46:00.001-08:002009-01-26T03:46:03.953-08:00True Brahmos versus False Brahmos<div class="gmail_quote">>RE: [brahmoconferenceorg] X'mas Greetings<br> <div class="Ih2E3d">><br> >Dear Mr. Rahul Dev Sharma,<br> >What is the definition of True Brahmo?<br> >Where is it written?<br> >Why is it True?<br> ><br> >Regards,<br> >- Debanjan Ray<br> <br> </div>You may refer to<br> <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/brahmoconferenceorg/message/157" target="_blank">http://groups.yahoo.com/group/brahmoconferenceorg/message/157</a><br> and make your own decision<br> <br> Malay Sanyal<br> <br> Some group members have sought clarification on<br> "True Brahmos and False Brahmos" and some other incidentals.<br> <br> Our position on these subjects is:-<br> <br> 1) Brahmoism is the highest form of Hinduism, and is so very different from what passes for Hinduism today that Brahmos consider themselves to be "beyond the pale of Hinduism" and a separate religion altogether.<br> <br> 2) A "True" Brahmo is either an adherent of Brahmoism to the exclusion of all other religions, or a person with at least one Brahmo parent or guardian and who has never denied his faith.<br> <br> 3) "False" Brahmos are those who believe that "following" the principles of Brahmoism is sufficient. These people have given Brahmoism a very bad reputation. Prominent examples of such "False" Brahmos are "Keshub<br> Chunder Sen" and Nabobidhan "New Dispensation" who have preached and propagated Rosicrucianism and other Masonic beliefs in the guise of Brahmoism. Even today they operate secret societies to attract neophytes to their symbolic devil worship in the name of Brahmoism.<br> <br> 4) To distinguish Brahmoism from such fakes and charlatans, the Brahmo religion was compelled to rename itself, first as the "Adi Brahmo Samaj" and later the religious aspect was termed as "Adi Dharm". Our<br> religion has no secrets or mysticism or initiation or rites or rituals. The creed and tenets are widely known, anyone can follow and practice them.<br> <br>1. There is only One "Supreme Spirit", Author and Preserver of Existence<br>2. There is no salvation and no way to achieve it.<br>3. There is no scripture, revelation, creation, prophet, priest or teacher to be revered<br> 4. There is no distinction.<br> <br> Once these core principles are accepted we progress to our complete "articles of faith" which define our "Dharmic" religion<br> <br>* Brahmos embrace righteousness as the only way of life.<br>* Brahmos embrace truth, knowledge, reason, free will and virtuous intuition (observation) as guides.<br>* Brahmos embrace secular principles but oppose sectarianism and imposition of religious belief into governance (especially propagation of religious belief by government).<br> * Brahmos embrace the co-existence of Brahmo principles with governance, but oppose all governance in conflict with Brahmo principles.<br>* Brahmos reject narrow theism (epecially polytheism), idolatry, ascetism and symbolism.<br> * Brahmos reject the need for formal rituals, priests or places (church, temple, mosque) for worship.<br>* Brahmos reject dogma and superstition.<br>* Brahmos reject scripture as authority.<br>* Brahmos reject revelations, prophets, gurus, messiahs, or avatars as authority.<br> * Brahmos reject bigotry and irrational distinctions like caste, creed, colour, race, religion which divide beings.<br>* Brahmos reject all forms of totalitarianism.<br>* Brahmos reject the prevalent notion of "sin".<br> * Brahmos reject the prevalent notions of "heaven" or "hell".<br>* Brahmos reject the prevalent notion of "salvation".<br> <br> The test of a Brahmo Samajist (the wider community which follows Brahmoism) is acceptance of the Trust Deed principles settled permanently in law by Rammohun Roy, Dwarakanath Tagore etc.<br> <br> The test of a Brahmo religionist is if he adheres scrupulously to the Adi Dharm principles and submits to the binding Articles of Faith.<br> <br> Everyone else is unworthy of the Brahmo name and needs to be denounced.</div> Brahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-58399932967219021322009-01-26T03:41:00.001-08:002009-01-26T03:41:47.079-08:00Brahmoism and Christianity<div class="gmail_quote"> Even a cursory reading of the Bible shows the vast chasm between Brahmoism and Christianity which the Christians in our midst should be aware of.<br> <br> For example the book of Genesis (1:26, 1;27 and 2:7) we are told by Christians that "God created Man in his own image from the dust of the earth". Rammohan had challenged this and we say that to the contrary<br> "it was Man who creates (idols of) God from the dust of the earth.". Rammohan foresaw the great importance for Christians that Man is in God's image for does not Christ have the same image as his Father GOD<br> (Corinthians).<br> <br> Another example would be of the "Fatherhood of God". This is a decidedly Christian concept (inserted by Keshab Sen) antithetical to Brahmoism where the "Godhood of father" is upheld. Christianity asks us to accept that Christ is God's son and that salvation lies through<br> God's Son and his chosen representatives on earth (namely Popery). Keshab went on to introduce more alien Christian concepts "Motherhood of God", "Kingdom of God" "Loyalty to Sovereign" etc which True<br> Brahmos reject out of hand.<br> <br> Nay, Brahmoism is to be regarded as the highest form of a much debased Hinduism, a Hinduism which has now ceased to be Brahmoism.<br> <br> Rahul<br> <div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c"><br> On Fri, Dec 26, 2008 at 5:53 PM, Sumanta-Sandhya Niyogi wrote:<br> > Dear Friends and Fellow-members,<br> > Merry Christmas. On this solemn occasion we pray,"May the Almighty<br> > God and one of his noblest sons, Lord Jesus Christ shower Their choicest<br> > blessings on you all." Jesus Christ is such a universally loved and revered<br> > soul that even in our Hindu-majority country there are millionms and<br> > millions of people who virtually worship him. It gives us a wonderful<br> > feeling to send our greetings to you on such a grand occasion. May his<br> > sermons, the words of wisdom and benevolence, guide, protect and inspire us<br> > all. As Brahmos,we feel proud of the way Raja Rammohun in his classic work,<br> > The Precepts of Jesus, and Swami Vivekananda (his broadness and liberality<br> > originated from his Brahmo background) in his Thus Spake the Christ, paid<br> > their homage to Jesus Christ. Vivekananda wrote, "If I, as an Oriental, am<br> > to worship Jesus of Nazareth, there is only one way left to me, that is to<br> > worship Him as God and nothing else." This reflects our universal and<br> > cosmopolitan tradition. Interestingly enough, it is the Brahmo Samaj which<br> > was the first Indian non-Christian religious community to start the annual<br> > celebration of the Chritmas and to conduct upasana on the occasion. Later<br> > the Ramakrishna Mission follow3ed the example.<br> > On such a holy occasion we generally make it a point to read the<br> > Holy Bible, at least some portions, if not the whole, of it. This time one<br> > message of Jesus that deeply touched us is that one should not evaluate what<br> > he/she has got or could not get from God, but should find joy and happiness<br> > from His divine presence within himself/herself all the time and the way he<br> > protected us at different times. That will bring greatest satisfaction to<br> > everyone and this will be as good as the key to the Kingdom of God. What a<br> > profound message and so similar to the thoughts of our ancient sages and<br> > Brahmo pioneers.<br> > Regards,<br> > Yours truly,<br> > Sumanta and Sandhya Niyogi<br> ><br> </div></div></div><br> Brahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-76187696221528757692009-01-26T03:38:00.001-08:002009-01-26T03:38:55.592-08:00Maghotsab in BD<div class="gmail_quote"><a href="http://brahmosamaj.org.googlepages.com">Brahmo Samaj</a> in Bangladesh celebrates Maghotsab<br> <br> <a href="http://www.theindependent-bd.com/details.php?nid=112674" target="_blank">http://www.theindependent-bd.com/details.php?nid=112674</a><br> <br> Maghotsab, the biggest annual festival of the country's Brahmo community, concluded yesterday with a two-day programme at the Brahmo Samaj Complex at 2-3-4 Lyall Street at Patuatuly in the city where a large number of people from all faiths attended.<br> <br> On the main day of the festival yesterday to mark the founding of the Brahmo Samaj building 179 years back in 1830 by a group of social reformers headed by Raja Rammohon Roy, the Brahmo flag was hoisted in<br> the morning which was followed by rendering of Usha Kirtana. Recitation of verses from the holy Upanishad, the Geeta, the Bed, the Tripitak, the Grantha Saheb, the Bible and the Quran with Bengali translation, obituary reference and recalling the contributions of the<br> Brahmo stalwarts as well as rendering of solo and chorus Brahmo Sangeet by the artistes of "Biswabeena" led by Ustad Khairuzzaman Quiyyum were the programmes of the festival.<br><br>Besides, the main prayer session seeking divine blessings for peace, prosperity, happiness and welfare of the people throughout the world was conducted by Acharya Pranesh Samaddar.<br> <br> He also delivered sermons also for peace and prosperity of the country and its people while the festival concluded with lighting of candles at night for enlightenment of the people at the Samaj Complex. The festival was inaugurated on Saturday night with the rendering of<br> the Brahmo Sangeet with analysis at the Samaj Complex with Acharya Pranesh Samaddar narrated and analysed the inner meanings of the solo and chorus Brahmo Sangeet and devotional songs rendered by the<br> artistes of "Biswabeena" led by Ustad Khairuzzaman Quiyyum.<br> <br> The Maghotsab will also be held at Kaoraid Brahmo Samaj in Gazipur district and at the Brahmo Samaj in Tangail town on February 13 and February 20 respectively.<br> </div> Brahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-609804971477062702008-12-20T21:08:00.001-08:002008-12-20T21:08:11.045-08:00DYNASTIC SUCCESSION IN BRAHMO SAMAJ<p class="namo-sublist"> <a href="http://brahmosamaj.org.googlepages.com/dsbs01.html"><b><font face="MS Sans Serif" size="3">DYNASTIC SUCCESSION IN BRAHMO SAMAJ</font></b></a></p> <ul><p><font face="MS Sans Serif" size="3"> I was reading the recent mails to Brahmo Conference group. .This group has many experts of the Brahmo Samaj who may explain some points (as I understand) to me for a paper I am writing.</font></p><p><font face="MS Sans Serif" size="3">a) Ram Mohan Roy and Dwarkanath Tagore funded Atmiya Sabha in 1815 to fight against sati.</font></p><p><font face="MS Sans Serif" size="3">b) Ram Mohan Roy, Dwarkanath Tagore, William Adams founded Calcutta Unitarian Society in 1823.</font></p> <p><font face="MS Sans Serif" size="3">c) After doctrinal differences with Unitarians who refused them use of Unitarin Church premises, the three founded Brahma Sabha in 1828 and acquired their own premises in 1830 at Chitpur Road which is now known as Adi Brahmo Samaj.</font></p><p><font face="MS Sans Serif" size="3">d) Ram Mohan Roy's son was Dwarkanath Tagore</font></p><p><font face="MS Sans Serif" size="3">e) Dwarkanath Tagore's son was Debendranath Tagore</font></p> <p><font face="MS Sans Serif" size="3">f) Debendranath Tagore's son was Hemendranath Tagore</font></p><p><font face="MS Sans Serif" size="3">g) Hemendranath Tagore's son was Kshitindranath Tagore</font></p><p><font face="MS Sans Serif" size="3">h) Kshitindranath Tagore's grandson is Amrita Moyee Mukherjee present head of Adi Brahmo Samaj.</font></p> <p><font face="MS Sans Serif" size="3">My question is which Tagore will succeed to Adi Brahmo Samaj head.</font></p><p class="namo-sublist"><font face="MS Sans Serif" size="3"> </font><br><b><font face="MS Sans Serif" size="3">DYNASTIC SUCCESSION IN BRAHMO SAMAJ</font></b></p> </ul> <ul><p><font face="MS Sans Serif" size="3">The historical points are essentially true, but there is no dynastic succession in the Adi Brahmo Samaj. There is no "head" of Adi Brahmo Samaj and membership / leadership is not limited to "Tagores" or their descendants.</font></p><p><font face="MS Sans Serif" size="3">Your question is academic; Adi Brahmo Samaj by itself is no longer directly active except to extent of providing intellectual, theological and spiritual leadership to associated movements like Adi Dharma and even more radical indigenous peoples movements.</font></p><p class="namo-sublist"><font face="MS Sans Serif" size="3"> <br>Permalink.</font></p></ul> <ul><p class="namo-sublist"> <b><font face="MS Sans Serif" size="3"><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/brahmoconferenceorg/message/272">DYNASTIC SUCCESSION IN BRAHMO SAMAJ</a></font></b></p></ul> Brahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-59509451714056063512008-12-20T20:59:00.001-08:002008-12-20T20:59:33.406-08:00Arya Samaj and Brahmo Samaj--- In <a href="mailto:brahmoconferenceorg@yahoogroups.com">brahmoconferenceorg@yahoogroups.com</a>, Holger Lüttich wrote:<br>What is the difference between Brahmo Samaj and Arya Samaj?<br>Did R. Mohan Roy agree with Sw. Dayanand?<br>The Arya Samaj has been developing a typical religious practise,<br>celebration of the sankaars etc. What's the PRACTISE of Brahmos in<br>details?<p>ANSWER:<p>Arya Samaj propounds the Vedas as "divine authority" and advocates<br>going "Back to the Vedas"<p>Brahmo Samaj denies that the Vedas are "divine authority" and<br>advocates going "Forward from the Vedas"<p>One Samaj is "backward"/retrograde the other is "forward"/(infinitely)<br>progressive.<p>Ram Mohan Roy passed away (1833) when Dayanand (b.1824) was only 9<br>years old. Dayanand was, however, greatly influenced by successor Adi<br>Brahmo Samaj leaders such as Debendranath Tagore, Hemendranath Tagore<br>and Nobin Chunder Roy. During the 1880's the Adi Dharm and Arya Samaj<br>worked closely together in Punjab and in founding the Indian National<br>Congress party. Dayanand, however, had major doctrinal differences<br>with Keshab's Brahmo Samaj of India and its Vaishno-Christian (Christ<br>= Krishna) confection.<p><a href="<a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/brahmoconferenceorg/message/295">http://groups.yahoo.com/group/brahmoconferenceorg/message/295</a>">Arya<br>Samaj and Brahmo Samaj</a>Brahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13769101.post-24277496752625005012008-10-01T08:09:00.001-07:002008-10-01T08:09:34.454-07:00Re: Hitler controversy (memetics)<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote">From: <b class="gmail_sendername">jagannath chatterjee</b><br>Date: Tue, Sep 16, 2008 at 9:44 AM<br>Subject: Re: [brahmoconferenceorg] Re: Hitler controversy<br>To: <a href="mailto:brahmoconferenceorg@yahoogroups.com">brahmoconferenceorg@yahoogroups.com</a><br> <br> <div> <div dir="ltr">Dear Peter<br><br>There are no factions within the Brahmo Samaj for the reason that all of True Brahmoism is united by memetic ties. After expelling the quisling elements in 1866, Brahmoism embarked on a decade of radical evolution under Hemendranath Tagore, who was then at the peak of his spiritual powers. Memetics, or the sharing of ancestral memories via the bloodline, is at the core of modern Brahmoism, as it has been the core of Hinduism's caste system. In about 1862 the Brahmo seer Hemendranath, then in his late teens, was studying medical science, and conducted an experiment where lower life cellular forms were taught a problem. These life forms were then fed to the next generation of life forms who could solve the problem without being exposed to it. Thus proving that information /memory is capable of transmission from generation to generation. From this flows a core Adi Dharm postulation "<b>All life exists to be consumed</b>". <br> <br>True Brahmoism today is memetics in action. False Brahmos are excluded, although Keshub Chunder Sen's family tried desperately to capture Debendranath Tagore's memes by getting one of his grand-daughters married to Tagore's grandson (and for which Rabindranath Tagore disentitled his sister). <br> <font color="#888888"> <br>Jagannath Chatterjee</font><div class="Ih2E3d"><br><br>>Re: [brahmoconferenceorg] Re: Fwd: Hitler controversy<br>><br></div><div class="Ih2E3d">>Dear Saurav and all,<br>> <br>>I don't know if it would ever be possible for a non-Brahmo to sort out the factions within the Samaj, or understand why some people do not believe that there are factions at all. In my personal life I do not participate in gossip and backbiting as I feel that those activities truly rot the soul. So if anyone on the Brahmo lists tries to get me to take sides based on differences I couldn't possibly fathom, or on >assessments of the characters of others I do not know, know that I could not do that.<br> > <br>>I have made my point about not being able to abide Hitler-sympathizers. As I'm not sure why one of Hitler's comments was included in an attachment to a post to <a href="mailto:brahmoconference@yahoogroups.com" target="_blank">brahmoconference@yahoogroups.com</a>, I'm going to give the sender the benefit of the doubt. If that or something similar happens again I'll know it was not by chance and I will remove myself from the offending group.<br> > <br>>Sincerely<br>>Peter</div></div></div></div></div> Brahmo Newshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03663855910305990739noreply@blogger.com0